The proceedings against Rios Montt, who is accused of being behind the massacre of indigenous people during the country's civil war in the 1980s, will continue on Thursday, said court president Jazmin Barrios.
The trial had been suspended by another judge on April 19 over procedural matters.
Relatives of victims and rights groups held several protests to denounce the suspension of a trial that had already heard 150 witnesses and experts detailing the horrors committed during Rios Montt's rule in 1982 and 1983.
Rios Montt, who is under house arrest, could face five decades behind bars if convicted.
The Ixil Maya massacre was one of the darkest chapters in the 36-year civil war, which pitted leftist guerrillas against government forces until 1996, leaving some 200,000 dead or "disappeared," according to the United Nations.