European regulators have come under fire for allowing Rome to use taxpayer money to save two small Italian banks, Veneto Banca and Banca Popolare di Vicenza.
The EU-approved operation could cost the Italian state up to USD 19 billion.
"In light of recent events, we need to look closely at whether our tools are sufficient, if they are effective and if we can do more," said Schaeuble, the eurozone's most influential finance minister, as he arrived for talks with his counterparts from the 19-country single currency bloc.
"We must have a discussion on how we can change that in the future," he said.
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In the bailout, the two failing lenders' healthy assets are to be sold to Intesa Sanpaolo, Italy's strongest bank, for a symbolic price of one euro.
Last week, Brussels also approved the bailout of Italy's troubled bank Monte dei Paschi di Siena (BMPS) in a 5.4- billion-euro bailout.
Critics say the bailouts run against the spirit of EU rules that are meant to protect taxpayers from being landed with the price of banking failures.