Anderson scored a personal best of 81 runs while Joe Root score an unbeaten 154 as the two shared a world-record 198 runs for the tenth wicket, powering England to 496 all out and a first-innings lead of 39 on day four.
"It is a brilliant feeling, to bat like that and build a partnership like that. I am glad to get the team back in the game," said Anderson.
The duo beat the 163-run stand of Australia's Phil Hughes and Ashton Agar scored at this very ground during the Ashes series in the 2013 summer. Their partnership also beat a long-standing 111-year old English record for the 10th wicket of 130 runs by Tip Foster and Wilfred Rhodes scored against Australia at Sydney in 1903.
"When I came in to bat, the idea was to bat for a bit. Joe took a lot of strike and then when I settled down, we rotated the strike as well. Our plan worked well yesterday and we had to start again today.
"He took a lot of strike and rotated it very well. He is young but he batted with a lot of maturity out there, almost like a very experienced batsman. He talked me through the innings I played today," he added, praising his young partner.
Anderson's score was the third highest by a number 11 batsman in Test cricket after Ashton Agar's 98 versus England at the same ground in 2013 and Tino Best's 95 runs, also versus England, at Birmingham in 2012.