In a post on social media the 30-year-old reigning world champion described it as "one of the toughest decisions I've had to make".
"I've always said I wanted to leave on a high and have no regrets. I know that retiring now is right," she wrote on Instagram.
Her retirement means she will not return to the stadium where she experienced her greatest achievement -- as London hosts next year's World Athletics Championships.
British Athletics described her record as an athlete as "phenomenal", adding: "And that's without considering the challenges of returning from pregnancy to win world gold and Olympic silver."
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Ennis-Hill's greatest moment came on a golden night for British athletics in front of a raucous home crowd in London four years ago, which has gone down in British sporting folklore as 'Super Saturday', as fellow Britons Mo Farah win the 10,000 metres and Greg Rutherford the long jump inside the Olympic Stadium.
As a result Royal Mail issued a stamp in honour of her achievement.
The trio were unable to repeat that feat in Rio as aside from Ennis-Hill's silver, Rutherford took bronze although Farah did retain his title.
"Amazing memories...From my first world title in Berlin 2009 to Rio 2016 I'm so fortunate to have had such an amazing career within the sport I love and this has been one of the toughest decisions I've had to make," Ennis-Hill wrote on Instagram.
"But I know that retiring now is right. I've always said I want to leave my sport on a high and have no regrets and I can truly say that.
Ennis-Hill's first medal at a championships came 10 years ago with bronze in the Commonwealth Games in Melbourne.
The champion that day fellow Briton Kelly Sotherton tweeted her tribute to Ennis-Hill.
"It's sad to hear that @J_Ennis has retired before @London2017. She has achieved the pinnacle of sport and is a fabulous role model for anyone."
"Not only has she competed at the highest level, but she has been a warm and positive presence within the GB team and a great example to the younger team members," said Black.
One of the younger generation sprinter Adam Gemili, 200m European champion in 2014, paid her the warmest of tributes.
"It's a sad day for track as our Queen @J_Ennis retires," tweeted the 23-year-old.