The ambitious project also proposes to have multiple mobile laboratories on the river and its tributaries along with providing access to local research institutions, officials said.
The first laboratory under the Bramhaputra Biodiversity Biology Boat (B4) initiative will cover Pasighat, Dibrugarh, Neemati, Tejpur and Guwahati in Assam.
"B4 will establish a large barge on the river with a well-equipped laboratory for the analysis of all components of the entire ecosystem of the river and its surroundings," Department of Biotechnology secretary K Vijay Raghavan said.
Union Science and Technology minister Harsh Vardhan said the project is expected to commence by the year-end.
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Anchored by IIT-Guwahati, the project is also supported by the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER).
The minister said although institutes under the Ministry of Science and Technology have several research vessels, it will be for the first time the ministry will have a dedicated boat/ barge for the research of a river.
Vardhan also announced the projects of -- Phyto-Pharma Plants Mission and Frugal Microscopy -- for the north-east region, to be carried out by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT).
Under the Foldscopes programme, the DBT will supply frugal paper microscopes costing less than Rs 70 to schools and colleges in the north-east, officials said.
The Department of Biotechnology has received 525 applications from schools, colleges and citizen scientists seeking foldscopes, they said.
"The prime minister's thrust has been on the north-east region. The DBT has committed to dedicate 10 per cent of its budget for the north-east," Vardhan added.