Xiang Junbo is accused of accepting "huge amounts of money" in bribes and other offences, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection said in a weekend statement.
It said he was expelled from the ruling Communist Party, where he had been a member of the 376-member Central Committee.
Officials and managers at many state companies have been snared in the anti-corruption drive launched by President Xi Jinping after he took power in 2013.
The insurance industry has been hit by complaints insurers are engaged in reckless speculation in stocks and real estate. One life insurer has been banned from trading stocks, the chairman of another was barred from the industry and others are under investigation.
Regulators have said one of their goals this year is to fortify supervision of securities and insurance to reduce financial risks.
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