"A total of eight soldiers were shot dead in two different locations this morning," Papua province military spokesman Jansen Simanjuntak told AFP.
The first incident took place in the district of Puncak Jaya at 9:30 am local time (0600 IST), when an armed group opened fire on a military post in Tingginambut village, killing one soldier and injuring another, he said.
The second attack occurred an hour later in the neighbouring district of Sinak, some 60 kilometres away (37-mile), when armed attackers shot at nine soldiers walking to a nearby airport, killing seven.
Gun attacks are common in Papua, in Indonesia's extreme east, where poorly-armed separatists have for decades fought a low-level insurgency on behalf of the mostly ethnic Melanesian population.
The mountainous Puncak Jaya district is a known hideout for armed separatists.