The attack took place at Tarmiyah in the evening, a police colonel and a medical official said.
It was unclear who carried out the killings, or why the family was specifically targeted.
The killings come as Sunni Arab militants push toward Baghdad in a major offensive that has overrun large areas of five provinces north and west of the capital.
As security forces wilted in the face of the initial onslaught, the government announced it would arm and equip volunteers, while Shiite militias are also fighting alongside Baghdad's troops.