Militant attacks targeting policemen have risen since the army ousted Islamist president Mohamed Morsi in July last year.
The two policemen, riding on a motorbike, were shot dead on the Minya-Assiut highway, the ministry said.
The attack comes just days ahead of the May 26-27 presidential election, which former army chief Abdel Fattah al-Sisi who ousted Morsi is expected to win.
In April, a court in Minya triggered an international outcry after sentencing to death around 700 Morsi supporters after a speedy mass trial, accusing them of murder and attempted murder of policemen in August last year in Minya.