"We are saying to all sides -- if the siege on Gaza and the obstacles for reconstruction remain, there will be a new explosion," said Abu Obeida, spokesman of the Ezzedine al-Qassam Brigades.
A devastating 50-day war between Israel and Hamas that ended on August 26 killed more than 2,140 Palestinians, most of them civilians, and 73 on the Israeli side, mostly soldiers.
Gaza has been under a stringent Israeli blockade since 2006, with construction materials tightly restricted for fear militants could make use of them to forge arms or build fortifications.
Last week, the UN announced the temporary reconstruction mechanism was to be launched under the auspices of a newly-formed Palestinian unity government.
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"We hold the enemy fully responsible for an explosion if the reconstruction does not begin," Abu Obeida said at a rally in Gaza City, warning that "the fight is not over."
Hamas official Khalil al-Haya, also speaking at the rally
Attended by dozens of gunmen and around 1,500 people, called for renewed dialogue between his movement and rival Palestinian faction Fatah.
But Palestinian leader Mahmud Abbas after a series of bombings in Gaza last week targeting property of his Fatah party accused Hamas of trying to destroy unity efforts.
Haya,, whose movement has denied any link to the blasts, urged Abbas not to use the attacks as "a means to evade reconciliation" and called on Fatah "to return to a partner-based dialogue.