A division bench comprising Acting Chief Justice Antony Dominic and Justice Dama Seshadri Naidu said the Cabinet was answerable to the state legislature, and the Court could not interfere in the matter.
The petitioner, identified as R S Sasikumar, had challenged the continuance of Vijayan as the chief minister, based on the court's observations made last month while dismissing a plea by Thomas Chandy, who had resigned as state transport minister on November 15.
The minister's resignation came in the wake of the court rapping him for filing a plea against his own government.
There is a violation of collective cabinet responsibility by the minister, the court had held.
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The petitioner further said the chief minister had described the action as "unprecedented".
The CPI, the second largest partner in the ruling coalition, had asked its four ministers to stay away from the meeting if Chandy attended it.
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