The bike-borne armed mafia members were escorting tractor-trolleys transporting sand illegally mined from Chambal sanctuary area and were on their way to Morena.
They were challenged by SAF and Forest Department personnel at Devri checkpost on Agra-Mumbai Road, prompting them to open fire, they said.
Head constable Vishwanath was seriously injured in the firing and rushed to Gwalior for treatment, police said.
Police returned fire, but the assailants escaped from the spot along with the illegally-mined sand.
In the recent past, SAF and forest officials have come under attack on a couple of occasions when they tried to stop tractor-trolleys loaded with illegally-mined sand.