South Korea's chief delegate, Hwang Boo-Gi, suggested North Korean intransigence over what issues could be discussed had contributed to the failure of the meeting in the jointly-run Kaesong industrial zone.
He also said it was Pyongyang who had rejected the idea of resuming the dialogue next week.
The vice-minister-level talks, with a mandate to address a broad but unspecified range of inter-Korean issues, were the first of their type for nearly two years.
The cash-strapped North wanted the South to resume lucrative tours to its scenic Mount Kumgang resort, which Seoul suspended in 2008 after a female tourist was shot dead by a North Korean guard.
More From This Section
South Korea, meanwhile, wanted the North to agree to regular reunions for families separated by the Korean War.
Speaking to reporters at the talks venue, Hwang said the North Korean side had insisted on linking the two issues and making a resolution of the Mount Kumgang question a pre-condition for discussing the reunions.
"Our side stressed that the humanitarian issue of separated families and the resumption of the tours to Mount Kumgang are different in nature and should not be bundled together," he added.
There was no immediate comment from the North Korean side.
Hwang said he had offered to resume discussions on Monday, but the North Korean delegation "conveyed its decision there was no need to continue talks".
The failure to set a date for continuing the dialogue will be a disappointment for those who saw an opportunity to put inter-Korean relations on a more constructive footing.
When they shook hands at their first session on Friday morning, Hwang had declared it was time to "take a crucial step", while his North Korean counterpart Jon Jong-Su underlined the opportunity to move towards a less confrontational relationship.
There was no indication that the two sides had discussed the elephant in the room for any North-South dialogue -- Pyongyang's nuclear weapons programme.