Hong Kong's youth are shunning their city's annual Tiananmen vigil, focused on fighting their own pro-democracy battles instead of commemorating a historical atrocity against compatriots from whom they feel steadily more alienated.
Students and youngsters have been at the vanguard of democracy protests that have convulsed Hong Kong in recent years as anger rises over inequality and Beijing's moves to chip away at the financial hub's unique freedoms.
A vivid illustration of those freedoms has long been the annual Tiananmen vigil on June 4, an emotion-tinged spectacle where more than one hundred thousand people gather in a park holding candles.
Hong Kong is the only place inside China where public commemorations can be safely held. Yet youngsters are becoming a rarer sight.
The proportion of those attending the vigil aged under 30 dropped from 55 percent to 31 percent between 2010 and 2018, the same period the city's youth leaders burst onto the political scene, according to a survey by local academic Edmund Cheng.
And for the last five years, the city's main student unions have boycotted the vigil.
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Many of Hong Kong's youngsters say they feel less affinity for the Chinese mainland which they fear is subsuming their city.
The failure of the 2014 pro-democracy protests to win concessions from Beijing has hardened sentiment, pushing many to embrace "localist" ideologies that prioritise preserving Hong Kong's Cantonese culture and freedoms -- or even advocating independence.
"Given that most people in Hong Kong identify themselves as Hong Kongers, instead of Chinese, we don't feel the responsibility or urge to fight for democracy in China any more," Frances Hui, a 19-year-old currently studying in the US, told AFP.
William Chan, a 21-year-old student at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, sees Tiananmen as a political tragedy that happened to someone else.
"As a Hong Konger, I don't have a strong feeling that they were my compatriots and I should feel angry for their hardship," he said. "Instead, I view what happened as a humanitarian tragedy." Since 2010, the number of people identifying as "Hong Kongers" has risen from 25 to 40 percent, according to a poll carried out by the University of Hong Kong. Those calling themselves "Chinese" dropped from 28 to 15 percent.
And youngsters are more likely to hold more stridently anti-Chinese views.
Many older activists have criticised students for not showing solidarity, but some youngsters say they find the "pan-Chinese" goals of the Tiananmen vigil uncomfortable.
Organised by Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, which was founded by a group of veteran campaigners, the vigil has always had the "democratisation of China" and "end to one-party dictatorship" as its central messages.
"The principles, slogans and songs they sing are all from the perspective of a Chinese person... It is hard to detach the event from this identity," Chan said.
He added that he doesn't want to be "bound up in the fetters of Chinese identity", but also "feels ambivalence".
Hui was recently on the receiving end of a massive online backlash from mainland students after a column she penned for her student newspaper titled