Fatou Bensouda told the UN Security Council that the court's jurisdiction "extends to such alleged crimes" by jihadist groups aligned with IS.
Islamic State fighters have claimed responsiblity for the beheadings in Libya of 21 Coptic Christians mostly from Egypt in February and 28 Ethiopian Christians in April.
International alarm over IS's expansion into Libya after Syria and Iraq has prompted the United Nations to redouble efforts to broker a deal in Libya on a national unity government able to confront the jihadists.
Bensouda said she was "actively considering the investigation and prosecution of further cases, and will not hesitate to take such action as may be needed to contribute to ending impunity in Libya."
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Human rights organisations are concerned that the focus on accountability for atrocities is losing ground as the United Nations seeks a consensus on the new government makeup.
"The Security Council is watching Libya descend into chaos as horrendous crimes multiply," said Richard Dicker of Human Rights Watch.
Bensouda spoke to the council a day after holding an informal meeting with the ambassadors on the status of her investigations in Libya.
The ICC has charged Moamer Khadafi's son Saif al-Islam and his intelligence chief Abdullah Senussi for crimes against humanity.