Prime Minister Bjarni Benediktsson called the snap election a month ago after a junior member of his centre-right coalition quit over a legal scandal involving Benediktsson's father.
Growing public distrust of the elite in recent years has spawned several anti-establishment parties, splintering the political landscape and making it increasingly difficult to form a stable government.
None of the record eight parties that won seats in parliament in Saturday's vote came close to obtaining a majority, and both the rightwing and the leftwing want a chance to form the next government.
Benediktsson, whose conservative Independence Party came out on top -- though with just 16 of 63 seats -- was first out to meet with the president.
More From This Section
Exiting the talks, Benediktsson, whose party has been the main political force in Iceland for decades, said he had told Johannesson he was ready to build a new government.
"I told the president that the Independence Party is ready to try to form a government and is willing to assume responsibility," he told public broadcaster RUV.
Benediktsson is being challenged by the Left Green Movement and its potential allies, the Social Democratic Alliance and the anti-establishment Pirate Party.
Under the Icelandic system, the president, who holds a largely ceremonial role, usually tasks the leader of the biggest party with trying to put a government together.
But Benediktsson and his party have been tainted by scandals in recent years, and the party lost almost a quarter of its seats in parliament in the vote.
As a result, the president could decide to ask the leader of the Left Greens, Katrin Jakobsdottir, to form a government.
Regardless of who receives the mandate, it could take days, weeks or even months before Iceland has a new government in place as thorny coalition negotiations await.
A coalition of at least three, or four or five parties would be needed to obtain a majority in parliament.
Jakobsdottir, who vowed during the election campaign to spread Iceland's economic prosperity to the health care and education sectors, said meanwhile she should be given the opportunity.