The British actor, 43, who was nominated for best actor in a TV movie or limited series for his role in "Luther" and for best supporting actor in a motion picture for "Beasts of No Nation", was advised against flying to Los Angeles after injuring his back.
Elba's representative said, "On doctor's orders (he) cannot get on a plane to attend the Golden Globes."
He is, however, expected to attend the Screen Actors Guild Awards on January 30.