 "Trade war: With new tariffs in place, prices may shoot up for US consumers")
The United States and China on Sunday put in place their latest tariff increases on each other's goods, potentially raising prices Americans pay for some clothes, shoes, sporting goods and other consumer items before the holiday shopping season.
President Donald Trump said US-China trade talks were still on for September.
"We'll see what happens," he told reporters as he returned to the White House from the Camp David presidential retreat. "But we can't allow China to rip us off anymore as a country."
The 15 per cent US taxes apply to about $112 billion of Chinese imports. All told, more than two-thirds of the consumer goods the United States imports from China now face higher taxes.
The administration had largely avoided hitting consumer items in its earlier rounds of tariff increases.
But with prices of many retail goods now likely to rise, the Trump administration's move threatens the US economy's main driver: consumer spending. As businesses pull back on investment spending and exports slow in the face of weak global growth, American shoppers have been a key bright spot for the economy.
"We have got a great economy," said Sen. Pat Toomey, R-Pa. "But I do think that the uncertainty caused by volatile tariff situation and this developing trade war could jeopardize that strength, and that growth, and that is, I think, that's a legitimate concern," he told ABC's "This Week."
As a result of Trump's higher tariffs, many US companies have warned that they will be forced to pass on to their customers the higher prices they will pay on Chinese imports.
Some businesses, though, may decide in the end to absorb the higher costs rather than raise prices for their customers.
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In China, authorities began charging higher duties on American imports at midday Sunday, according to employees who answered the phone at customs offices in Beijing and the southern port of Guangzhou. They declined to give their names.
Tariffs of 10 per cent and 5 per cent apply to items ranging from frozen sweet corn and pork liver to marble and bicycle tires, the government announced earlier.
After Sunday's move, 87 per cent of textiles and clothing the United States buys from China and 52 per cent of shoes will be subject to import taxes.
On December 15, the Trump administration is scheduled to impose a second round of 15 per cent tariffs this time on roughly $160 billion of imports. If those duties take effect, virtually all goods imported from China will be covered.
The Chinese government has released a list of American imports targeted for penalties on December 15 if the US tariff hikes take effect. In total, Beijing says Sunday's penalties and the planned December increases will apply to $75 billion of American goods.
Washington and Beijing are locked in a war over US complaints that China steals US trade secrets and unfairly subsidizes its own companies in its drive to develop global competitors in such high-tech industries as artificial intelligence and electric cars.
"I give the president credit for challenging China on some of its really egregious behaviour" on intellectual property and technology transfers, for example, Toomey said.
He said he hopes that's what Trump's focus is, "not just the fact that Chinese clothing and shoes are popular among consumers. That's not the problem."
If China changes its behaviour "in a meaningful way in that area ... then we will have ended up in a better place. That's what I'm hoping for. But let's be honest. In the meantime, we're doing damage. It's a double-edged sword," he said.
To try to force Beijing to reform its trade practices, the Trump administration has imposed import taxes on billions of dollars' worth of Chinese imports, and China has retaliated with tariffs on US exports.
"It's a good thing taking on China. Unfortunately, he's done it the wrong way," said AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka said on "Fox News Sunday."
"To take on China there has to be a multilateral approach. One country can't take on China to try to dry up its overcapacity because they just send it through to you in other ways," he said.
Trump has insisted that China itself pays the tariffs. But in fact, economic research has concluded that the costs of the duties fall on US businesses and consumers.
Trump had indirectly acknowledged the tariffs' impact by delaying some of the duties until December 15, after holiday goods are already on store shelves.
A study by JP Morgan found that Trump's tariffs will cost the average US household $1,000 a year. That study was done before Trump raised the September 1 and December 15 tariffs to 15 per cent from 10 per cent.
The president has also announced that existing 25 per cent tariffs on a separate group of $250 billion of Chinese imports will increase to 30 per cent on October 1.
That cost could weaken an already slowing US economy. Though consumer spending grew last quarter at its fastest pace in five years, the overall economy expanded at just a modest 2 per cent annual rate, down from a 3.1 per cent rate in the first three months of the year.
The economy is widely expected to slow further in the months ahead as income growth slows, businesses delay expansions and higher prices from tariffs depress consumer spending. Companies have already reduced investment spending, and exports have dropped against a backdrop of slower global growth.
Americans have already turned more pessimistic. The University of Michigan's consumer sentiment index, released Friday, fell by the most since December 2012.
"The data indicate that the erosion of consumer confidence due to tariff policies is now well underway," said Richard Curtin, who oversees the index.