Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) narrowly passed the House of Representatives by 218 votes to 208 as a stand-alone bill, after congressional leaders uncoupled it from a worker-assistance program that crashed to defeat Friday when most Democrats voted against it in order to block the trade package.
TPA now heads to the US Senate, where it could receive a vote as early as next week.
Holding the vote so soon after last week's blockage -- a major embarrassment for Obama, whose Democrats largely deserted him -- signalled Republican congressional leaders' confidence they have sufficient votes to get the entire package across the finish line.
House Speaker John Boehner offered little insight into what may have prompted the breakthrough.
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"We're committed to ensuring that both trade promotion authority and trade adjustment assistance pass the House and Senate and go to the president for his signature," Boehner said.
"Getting this work done is critical to expanding opportunities for American workers and American-made goods."
TPA would boost Obama's chances of finalizing a sweeping trade accord with 11 other Pacific nations. He could then bring it to Congress for an up-or-down vote, with lawmakers not given a chance to modify it.
Seeing little prospect of blocking TPA, which is widely supported by Republicans, they lined up en masse against the TAA bill, which needed to pass for both bills to reach the president.
Hurdles remain. Top House Democrat Nancy Pelosi warned today that she "can't predict" that both bills would clear both chambers.
"I don't see a path right now for TAA," she told reporters.