Bharat Ratna Rao also said it was difficult to bring development in the country with the "lousy" quality of science.
Ruing the lack of investment in the scientific sphere, he said it "is so bad that it is less than one per cent of the GDP. Everyone is promising 2 per cent of the GDP (as investment), but that is not happening".
"This is unbelievable. They (China) invest a huge amount of money. They are producing 30,000 Ph.D students and, next year, will produce 50,000 Ph.D students," Rao said while delivering a lecture 'Celebration of Science' at Jamia Milia Islamia here.
"There is not a single institution in India which has facilities equal to the best institutions abroad. At least one, at least two... We don't have even that. So, we got to have that. I think we need to have overall better infrastructure to do well in science," he said.
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"If India has to have a future, it has to improve in quality. The main thing in India is that everything from the corporate (sector) and education to science needs to have quality. Our Prime Minister (Narendra Modi) says development with quality improvement because with the lousy quality we have, it is difficult to have development," he said.
Rao also emphasised the need for freedom and a better academic environment for students to excel in the country.
"Our young boys and girls go to America. They suddenly start doing good. Not because their brain is tuned in a different way after going there. What do they have? Freedom and the environment. India's future depends on that," he said.