The MoU will foster scientific cooperation between Research and Development and academic institutions of India and Canada.
"An innovative model of R&D cooperation between India and Canada will be implemented under a MoU concluded by the Department of Science and Technology with the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada," a government statement said.
The MoU comes ahead of Trudeau's India visit which is likely to take place in the first quarter of this year.
The participants will include researchers from scientific organisations, academia and R&D laboratories from India and Canada.
This will help to develop institutional networking and support the establishment of connections between scientific organisations, scientists and specialists of India and Canada, the statement said.