Billy Baker and Joren Heretzberger scored for the Netherlands in the second and 17th minute respectively as India failed to post a win for the second time in a row.
India were held to a draw by lower-ranked Ireland in their tournament opener.
The Indians have had a couple of clear chances towards the end but lacked finishing abilities, which gave Netherlands their first win of the tournament.
Three minutes before the final hooter, India wasted a sitter as Nitin Kumar, positioned in front of goal, failed to connect.
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A minute later, Kothajit Singh's good cross from the left flank went abegging as not a single Indian player was to be seen inside the D.
With a deficit of two gaols against a team like the Netherlands, India ought to have produced a much better performance to make a match of it.
Meanwhile, seven minutes into the second half, the Netherlands came close to adding a third one to their tally, but the attempt off a penalty corner missed the target by whisker.
Despite conceding two early goals, India grew in confidence as the first half progressed, but the Dutch did not let the visitors breach their citadel.