The worker, who was working with a charity there, was abducted earlier in the day, according to top official sources.
More information was awaited about the identity and other details of the Indian national.
Confirming the abduction, the Spokesperson in the External Affairs Ministry in New Delhi said, "Indian national working with an NGO in Herat province of Afghanistan has been kidnapped. Our Mission is pursuing the matter with local authorities."
The abduction comes over a week after the attack on the Indian consulate in Herat by four heavily-armed gunmen carrying rocket-propelled grenades and machine guns.
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Foreign Secretary Sujatha Singh flew to Herat on Friday and reviewed the situation following the May 23 attack on the Indian consulate.
She held meetings in the Afghan capital on Saturday with Afghan President Hamid Karzai, and Abdullah Abdullah and Ashraf Ghani - the two presidential candidates - who asserted that friendship with India would remain a "top priority" for any new government here.
Afghanistan is experiencing a rise in the Taliban attacks as foreign troops plan to withdraw from the war-torn country by the end of the year.
The Indian Embassy in Kabul was attacked twice in 2008 and 2009 that left 75 people dead.
Apart from the Salma dam project, India has invested in some major infrastructure projects including the Afghan Parliament building in Kabul.
India's development assistance programme for Afghanistan currently stands at USD two billion, making it the leading donor nation among all regional countries.