Shyam Acharya, who posed as Sarang Chitale, a rheumatologist in the UK, came to Australia in 2003 and worked with New South Wales (NSW) Health.
Chitale, who works at Leigh Infirmary near Manchester, was "shocked" after he came to know that Acharya has stolen his identity.
Acharya was also able to gain citizenship, an Australian passport and property, all in Chitale's name. He worked for NSW Health as a junior doctor from 2003 to May 2014 at four hospitals in Australia.
Acharya allegedly stole Chitale's university degrees and medical certification when they both lived together, with Chitale's grandmother, in India between 1999 and 2000.
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While fining him in his absence in the court, Atkinson said it was the worst case of this type of offence. She said before the research job, Acharya had worked in NSW hospitals for more than a decade, it said.
While the actual offence was limited to July-September, 2016, when Acharya was at a research company Novotech, Atkinson acknowledged he had practised medicine in Australia for years before that.