Ramanujam, who hails from Chennai, would replace Rick Fedrizzi, the co-founder of USGBC and current CEO after he steps down at the end of 2016.
"Mahesh has a highly impressive track record of success in both his role as USGBC's COO and as President of Green Business Certification Inc," said USGBC board chair Marge Anderson.
"He is a proven leader who has exhaustive knowledge of the organisation, respect from its volunteer leadership and strong support from its team. He has extensive global experience and broad business acumen. He is the perfect choice to lead the organisation into the future," he added.
Ramanujam said he was deeply honoured that the Board have placed their trust in him.
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"I will serve the organisation and our movement with a long-term vision - keeping innovation as a top priority," said Ramanujam.
"As USGBC's CEO, I pledge to continually modernise and enhance our capabilities and performance to ensure we deliver the future that our founders envisioned," he said.
Ramanujam joined USGBC in 2009 as Senior Vice President, Technology, before being named COO in September, 2011.
Prior to joining USGBC, Ramanujam was COO for Emergys, a business transformation consulting firm in North Carolina.