Jaleshwar Prasad, employed on the Al Bayt Stadium project, fell ill on-site on Wednesday, the Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy, the body responsible for organising the Qatar World Cup, said.
He received first-aid treatment until paramedics arrived, the organisers said in a statement.
"He was transferred to Al Khor Hospital but passed away (yesterday). Al Khor Hospital reported the cause of death as cardiac arrest," the statement said.
"The family of Prasad has been informed of the tragedy immediately," it said.
Also Read
Al Bayt is a stadium having a capacity to accommodate 60,000 people. It will be used for the World Cup tournament in 2022.
Amnesty released a report in March to highlight the abuses faced by the workers at the World Cup site in Qatar.
"Migrant labourers including from India faced abuse that in some cases amounted to forced labour while working on a stadium that will host soccer matches for the 2022 World Cup in Qatar," Amnesty International had alleged.
The Indian population in the country currently stands at around 7,20,000.