Rutherford, who won Olympic gold at London 2012, was forced to withdraw from his title defence after failing to recover from the ligament damage he sustained competing in Italy last month.
The 30-year-old's absence was announced by British Athletics today.
"In the last few days I have had to accept an unfortunate reality. I did everything I could, but a string of injuries at the worst possible time means I will be unable to defend my world title in London," Rutherford said in a statement.
"Most recently, a badly damaged ankle ligament and a sportsman's hernia, really put paid to my plans. The injuries have taken longer to heal than we hoped, and I have been unable to even jump at all in training, let alone compete.
More From This Section
"I am truly gutted. That stadium is such a special place for me, I am so devastated that I won't be competing in front of the best fans in the world, in the stadium that changed my life.
"My focus will now turn to 2018 and becoming a three time European champion on the trot, something no long jumper has ever done before."
As well as an Olympic title, Rutherford also claimed the Commonwealth Games crown and European gold medal in 2014.
Rutherford's withdrawal is a big blow for British Athletics ahead of the World Championships, which starts next week.
Britain's Performance director Neil Black said: "Greg is one of only a few British athletes to complete the 'Grand Slam' of medals, but that won't make missing London any easier.