Robin, who came in as late substitute for Jewel Raja Shaikh, scored the winning goal in the 91st minute after Chinese Taipei had cancelled out the Indian lead in the 54th minute through Lee Tai Lin.
Jewel Raja had given India the lead in the 40th minute of an assist from captain Sunil Chhetri at the Youth Training Centre ground.
Robin, who took the field in the 82nd minute, headed in the winner by connecting a fine cross from the right by midfielder Syed Rahim Nabi.
Coach Wim Koevermans left out goalkeeper Sandip Nandy, Denzil Franco and Alwyn George from the starting line-up in the friendly against Palestine in Pune early last month which India had lost 2-4.
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India started as the better of the two teams and kept the ball, playing short, probing passes.
It was, however, the Chinese Taipei who had the first chance of the game in the 13th minute when they got a free kick from around 25 yards. India goalkeeper Paul had to dive to the full to pull off a stunning save of the shot of midfielder Su De Cai.
India earned five corners in the opening half an hour and Gurjinder came agonisingly close to heading one in only to miss the mark by a whisker.