Iranian engineers working for the armed forces have "built the drones to carry air defence missiles", deputy defence minister General Amir Hatami said, quoted by Fars news agency.
"The research, experimentation and testing phases have been completed," he said.
"These new drones are capable of destroying different types of aircraft, including fighters, drones and helicopters," he added, without giving technical specifications.
State television broadcast footage of what it said was the new drone being uncovered at a ceremony held at a secret location.
Tehran says its weapons programmes are purely for defensive purposes, but the United States whose Fifth Fleet is based in Bahrain across the Gulf has often voiced concerns.