Two days of meetings between Iran's deputy foreign minister Abbas Araghchi and top US negotiator Wendy Sherman began today morning in Zurich.
EU political director Helga Schmid was also taking part in the meetings, a US spokesman told AFP.
The talks are taking place less than a week after Araghchi met with Sherman and representatives for five other global powers in Geneva in a bid to hammer out a comprehensive deal which would rein in Tehran's nuclear programme in exchange for relief from a tight network of sanctions.
He was scheduled to attend the World Economic Forum in Davos, but it was unclear if he would meet Zarif again there to hold another round of talks.
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Under an interim deal agreed in November 2013 by Tehran and the so-called P5+1 powers - Britain, China, France, Russia, the United States plus Germany - Iran has frozen its uranium enrichment in exchange for limited sanctions relief.
Among issues complicating negotiations are hardliners in Washington and Tehran who appear willing to torpedo the efforts.
The new Republican-controlled US Congress is considering a fresh sanctions bill, despite strong opposition from President Barack Obama, who has threatened to veto any such legislation.
If a sanctions bill does go through, some Iranian lawmakers have hinted they will push to resume unlimited uranium enrichment.
Top European diplomats yesterday appealed for US lawmakers to hold off on the threatened new sanctions, pleading for time to allow the nuclear talks to succeed.
Their commentary echoed an appeal from Kerry, who on Wednesday warned that any new US sanctions could threaten the unity of the global powers negotiating with Iran.
"The United States acting unilaterally is not always the best path to take," he told reporters, cautioning that "this could all fall apart, including the sanctions regime. You lose the sanctions all together.