Oil prices have fallen to below USD 30 a barrel and Iran's return to the market after sanctions were lifted at the weekend could put further pressure on producers.
Oil Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi said in a statement that his ministry wants to "reduce financial expenditures for foreign oil companies operating within service contracts".
He was referring to contracts in which companies are paid flat per-barrel fees.
Abdul Mahdi also emphasised the importance of doing everything possible to increase production to "cover the federal budget deficit resulting from the decline in oil prices".
The country's budget for 2016 is based on an oil price of USD 45 per barrel, meaning revenue will likely be significantly less than projected, increasing the already-significant deficit.
Iraq has been especially hard hit by low oil prices, which come as it wages a costly war against the Islamic State group that overran large parts of the country last year.