They are the first executions announced by the ministry since brazen July assaults on two major prisons freed hundreds of prisoners, including some who had been sentenced to death, drawing criticism within Iraq that executions were proceeding too slowly.
"The justice ministry carried out 17 death sentences," a statement on the ministry's website said, without specifying when the executions took place.
The statement quoted Justice Minister Hassan al-Shammari as saying that 16 of those executed were convicted under Article 4 of the country's anti-terrorism law, while the seventeenth was sentenced to death for an unspecified criminal offence.
With the latest executions, at least 67 people have been put to death in Iraq so far this year, according to an AFP tally based on reports from the justice ministry and officials, despite widespread calls for a moratorium on the country's use of capital punishment.
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Iraq carried out 129 executions in 2012 and Shammari insisted earlier this year that Baghdad would continue to implement the death penalty.
Executions in Iraq, which are usually carried out by hanging, have drawn widespread international condemnation from the European Union, the United Nations and various rights groups.
"The application of the death penalty in these circumstances is unconscionable, as any miscarriage of justice as a result of capital punishment cannot be undone," Pillay said.