At dawn, volunteer armies from more than a half-dozen parties went door to door with leaflets and organised carpools to polling stations in schools, gyms and church halls as Prime Minister Enda Kenny sought a second five-year term for his two-party government.
While all polls during the three-week campaign suggested that Kenny's Fine Gael would retain its top spot in parliament, the centre-right party faces certain losses that means it cannot hope to form a government without finding new partners.
Many voters say they're determined to punish the government, citing the cost of a turnaround that has delivered pruned wages, harsher income taxes and new charges on property and water.
The two opposition parties expected to fare well when ballots are counted tomorrow are Fianna Fail, the populist force at the traditional heart of Irish politics, and Sinn Fein, the Irish Republican Army-linked party anchored in Northern Ireland that has steadily grown in popularity in the Republic of Ireland since 1990s IRA cease-fires.
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Analysts say creating a parliamentary majority probably will require cooperation between Fine Gael and Fianna Fail, which between them have led every Irish government since 1923 but never together. They trace their origins to opposing sides in the merciless Irish civil war which ended that year and, four generations on, still scars the political landscape.
While both parties contest the same centre-right ground, Fine Gael has built a record of economic prudence in contrast to Fianna Fail recklessness.