Gov Gaafar Mohamed Saad was traveling to his office when the explosion struck his convoy in the southern port city.
Authorities are investigating the exact cause of the explosion. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorised to brief the media.
An IS affiliate claimed the attack in a statement circulated online by supporters, saying the bomb was concealed in a parked car along the convoy's route. The group referred to Saad as a "tyrant" and warned the "heads of the infidels" in Yemen that it would carry out "operations to chop off their rotten heads."
The extremists have been able to expand their reach in the chaos of Yemen's larger conflict, between a loose array of pro-government forces backed by a Saudi-led coalition and Shiite Houthi rebels, who control the capital, Sanaa, and large parts of northern Yemen. Pro-government forces drove the Houthis out of Aden earlier this year.
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A local al-Qaida affiliate has exploited the chaos to seize territory in Yemen's south and east, and has a growing presence in Aden. Yesterday, masked gunmen in Aden killed a military intelligence official and a judge known for sentencing al-Qaida militants. No one claimed those attacks.
"These crimes will not discourage our common resolve to restore security and stability throughout the brotherly nation of Yemen," he said in a statement carried by state news agency WAM.
The seven-state Emirates federation and neighboring Saudi Arabia are leading a coalition backing the internationally recognised government. The Emirati military has played a key role in helping to secure Aden.
The Emirates also has been outspoken against the Islamic State group and is part of the US-led coalition fighting the group in Iraq and Syria.