In a statement posted on the internet, the group said a "martyrdom-seeking brother" had been able to detonate an "explosives-laden bag" at a police station in the city of Constantine.
The jihadist group said "a number of apostates" were killed and wounded in yesterday's attack.
Police officials said a policeman managed to foil the attack, opening fire on the bomber and triggering the explosives belt he was wearing.
National police said the attacker had been approaching the police station when he was shot by the officer.
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Two officers were injured in the explosion, according to local reports.
Last week, the army said it had killed 14 "terrorists", a term used to refer to armed Islamists in Algeria, during a major search operation in the Bouira region, 125 kilometres southeast of Algiers.
Despite a 2005 charter for peace and reconciliation designed to turn the page on Algeria's brutal 1991-2002 civil war that cost 200,000 lives, Islamist groups remain active in the south and east, largely targeting security forces.