"IS executed 20 men by firing on them in front of a crowd gathered in Palmyra's Roman theatre, after accusing them of fighting for the Syrian regime," Rami Abdel Rahman, head of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, told AFP.
"IS gathered a lot of people there on purpose, to show their force on the ground," Abdel Rahman said.
IS has carried out a string of atrocities including videotaped beheadings and mass killings, rape and enslavement in areas it controls in Syria and neighbouring Iraq.
The Britain-based Observatory said IS had executed at least 217 people, including 67 civilians, in and around the city.