ISIS fighters and their families were covertly evacuated by American, British and local Kurdish forces from the de facto capital of the terrorist group after it was bombarded in October, and freed to "spread out far and wide across Syriaand beyond," according to a BBC documentary titled 'Raqqa's Dirty Secret'.
Foreign fighters who had joined ISIS - those not from Syria and Iraq - were also allegedly able to join the escape convoy.
The report describes how the escape convoy of trucks carrying 250 fighters, 3,500 family members, and loads of arms and possessions, was arranged on October 12by local officials in meetings attended by a western officer.
The aim was to spare the lives of attacking forces and end the four-month battle over Raqqa, a crucial stronghold of the terrorist network.
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"Great pains were taken to hide it from the world. But the BBC has spoken to dozens of people who were either on the convoy, or observed it, and to the men who negotiated the deal," the makers of the documentary claim.
It claimed that only a few dozen fighters had been able to leave, all of them locals.
But a local driver told the BBC that the convoy was six to seven kilometres long and included almost 50 trucks, 13 buses and more than 100 of ISIS' own vehicles.
ISIS fighters, their faces covered, sat defiantly on top of some of the vehicles.
"Footage secretly filmed and passed to us shows lorries towing trailers crammed with armed men. Despite an agreement to take only personal weapons, IS fighters took everything they could carry. Ten trucks were loaded with weapons and ammunition," the report said.
No flags or banners were allowed to be flown from the convoy as it left the city, the deal struck by local officials had stipulated.
In light of the BBC investigation, the US-led coalition fighting in Syria admits the part it played in the deal.
"We didn't want anyone to leave. But this goes to the heart of our strategy, 'By, with and through' local leaders on the ground. It comes down to Syrians they are the ones fighting and dying, they get to make the decisions regarding operations," Colonel Ryan Dillon, spokesperson for Operation Inherent Resolve, the Western coalition against ISIS, was quoted as saying.
According to the report, the deal to free the ISIS fighters was about maintaining good relations between Kurds leading the fight and Arab communities who surround them. It was also about minimising casualties.
"ISIS was well dug in at the city's hospital and stadium. Any effort to dislodge it head-on would have been bloody and prolonged," the BBC report said.
The SDF, meanwhile, continues to maintain that no such deal was done.