Israeli military spokesman Jonathan Conricus said the tunnel belonged to Palestinian Islamist movement Hamas and was intended for attacks as opposed to smuggling.
Such tunnels have been used to carry out attacks in the past.
He said he was not aware of any casualties from the destruction of the tunnel, which was still being built.
It ran underneath the main goods crossing between Israel and the blockaded Gaza Strip -- known as Kerem Shalom -- as well as gas and fuel pipelines, he said.
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The strikes occurred within the Gaza Strip, while further means were carried out in Israeli territory.
The tunnel began east of the city of Rafah in the Gaza Strip, crossed into Israel some 180 metres, then continued into Egypt for an unspecified length, with no exit point detected, he said.
Conricus said Israel had coordinated with Egypt on the operation.
The tunnel stretched a total length of around a kilometre and a half, he said.
Israel says it has been developing a new method to identify and destroy such tunnels, though it does not comment on details.
The latest tunnel was the third destroyed since late October by Israel, but it comes at a particularly sensitive time.
Tensions between Palestinians and Israel have been high since US President Donald Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital on December 6.
Unrest has included rockets being fired from the Gaza Strip into Israel, with Israel's military responding with air strikes.
Conricus said today Israel was defending its sovereignty with the destruction of the tunnel and was not seeking an escalation.