The talks came as the 15-member UN Security Council unanimously voted to back a Russian-Turkish peace plan for a ceasefire in Syria and the launch of new peace talks for the war-wracked country.
"Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, this evening... Spoke by telephone with Russian President Vladimir Putin," the premier's office said in a statement yesterday.
"The two leaders discussed developments in the region, with emphasis on Syria and continued security coordination in this sphere, which has already proven itself in preventing misunderstandings," it added.
In June, Netanyahu visited Moscow again and talks with Putin centred on "the implementation of these arrangements," the premier's office said at the time.
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Russia is a key ally of the Syrian government and has been fighting to bolster the Damascus regime since last year.
Along with Turkey, which backs the armed opposition, they brokered a ceasefire across Syria that entered its second day yesterday and held despite sporadic clashes in parts of the country.
Turkey and Russia have said the talks in the Kazakh capital Astana aim to supplement UN-backed peace efforts, not replace them.
Israel is opposed to the Syrian government and has sought to limit its involvement in the conflict.
But Israel has carried out sporadic sorties against the militant Lebanese Shiite group Hezbollah, which is fighting alongside the Syrian regime.
Israel fought a devastating war with the Iran-backed Hezbollah in 2006.
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