The raids on eight companies came hours after the Israeli government declared that it would not deal with an emerging Palestinian unity government that includes Hamas unless the Islamist group made radical changes.
Israeli officials said the raids targeted companies that provide services to Hamas television stations. Notices were posted saying the companies were to be closed for six months.
"Israeli army forces last night raided eight Palestinian production and media companies that provide services to Al- Aqsa and Al-Quds TV channels," the head of an Israeli defence ministry unit known as COGAT, Yoav Mordechai, wrote on Facebook, referring to Hamas channels.
Israeli officials provided no specific examples of the alleged incitement. At least one of the companies targeted says it provides various services to a range of local and international news media.
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The Palestinian Authority said it condemned the raids "in the strongest terms".
"Occupation forces committed a blatant aggression and gross violation of all international laws when they stormed Palestinian cities and raided media offices," PA government spokesman Yusef al-Mahmoud said in a statement.
US President Donald Trump has been seeking ways to restart long-stalled Israeli-Palestinian peace efforts.
A Palestinian journalists' union official in the southern West Bank city of Hebron said the offices of three companies providing production services to Hamas television channels were closed and equipment and documents seized.
They were named as Palmedia, Ramsat and Transmedia, a satellite broadcasting facility where two members of staff were arrested, the union official said.
Some 50 people were out of work due to the Palmedia closures, he said. The company provides services to a range of local and international media, according to the official.
"This act threatens Palmedia's ability to continue its work to provide its services for satellite channels and produce a number of TV shows for several local, Arab and international media outlets," it said in a statement.
Transmedia executive director Ibrahim al-Hossari told AFP "production companies in Palestine and all over the world provide production services that are more technical than news".
The Israeli military said that security forces had carried out a "large-scale operation" over incitement.
"It's important to emphasise that we see a clear link between instigating for violence, radicalism, and the media," military spokesman Jonathan Conricus told AFP.
"We understand the connection between those, and that is why the (Israeli military) conducted today's operation."
Last week, rival Palestinian movements Fatah and Hamas signed a landmark unity deal aimed at ending a decade-long split.
Israel said yesterday it would not negotiate with a Palestinian unity government that includes Hamas if the Islamist movement does not disarm, recognise the country and renounce violence.
Hamas has run the Israeli-blockaded Gaza Strip for a decade, but also has a presence in the West Bank, where Abbas's Fatah is based.
Israel and Hamas have fought three wars since 2008 and the Islamist group is considered a terrorist organisation by the United States and European Union.
Hamas seized Gaza in 2007 in a near civil war with Fatah that followed an electoral dispute after polls won by the Islamist movement.