Peres posted the photos to coincide with the Jewish religious festival Purim, which features carnival costumes, fireworks and toy guns.
"Purim is a great time (to) dress up but not the only time," Peres wrote.
"This is the disguise I wore in the mid-seventies when I would go to my meetings with King Hussein of Jordan before signing the peace agreements."
Peres appears in a faded photo on Facebook sporting a bushy brown moustache, clearly wearing a wig, atop of which balances a beige fedora hat.
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From Sunday, religious Jews will start the traditional reading of the Book of Esther, while both they and their secular counterparts celebrate Purim by dressing up.
Peres's Facebook posting had received nearly 6,000 "likes" just a few hours after he posted it, and Israelis joined in by posting pictures of themselves and their children dressed up for Purim.