Speaking to senior members of his Yisrael Beitenu party in parliament, Lieberman said the fire into the Israeli- occupied sector of the Golan Heights was "definitely" not random spillover from fighting in the Syrian civil war, as in several previous incidents.
"This was deliberate fire by a local squad operated by Hezbollah," Lieberman's party spokesman quoted him as saying, without elaborating on his source for the information.
Israel fought a devastating 2006 war with Hezbollah and has voiced concern the Lebanese Shiite militant group's involvement in Syria risks opening up a new front.
Israel responded with tank fire against Syrian military positions, saying that it held "the Syrian regime accountable for any aggression from within its territory."
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The Syrian defence ministry said that rebels had deliberately fired the rounds into Israeli-held territory to provoke the response against its forces.
Lieberman appeared to concur.
"Hezbollah did it in isolation from the Assad regime," he said in Hebrew, putting the blame on its leader, Hassan Nasrallah.
"Especially today when it controls 90 per cent of the territory," Lieberman said.
He called on Damascus and on Russian forces deployed in Syria to restrain Hezbollah, which he said sought to "drag us into the Syrian swamp".
"I hope that everyone is sufficiently responsible to prevent that," he added.
Israel has sought to avoid becoming directly involved in the six-year civil war in Syria, though it acknowledges carrying out dozens of air strikes to stop what it calls advanced arms deliveries to Hezbollah.
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