"One thing should be clear: we will never accept the definition of building in Jewish neighbourhoods of Jerusalem as settlement activity," he said at a news conference with his German counterpart Frank-Walter Steinmeier.
"We won't accept any limitation on building in Jewish areas of (east) Jerusalem," he said.
His remarks came four days after Israel approved plans to build 200 homes in Ramot in annexed east Jerusalem despite months of almost daily clashes and tensions there with Palestinians, triggered in part by settlement expansion.
Sources close to the German minister said the issue of Israel's ongoing settlement was a central theme in their talks, which also touched on the need to resume talks with Palestinians to end the conflict.
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At a meeting with Israeli President Reuven Rivlin later in the day, Steinmeier expressed his "hope" peace talks would be renewed, while warning against unilateral measures of both sides.
Israel seized east Jerusalem during the 1967 Six-Day War and later annexed in a move never recognised by the international community.
It refers to the entire city as its "united, undivided capital" and does not view construction there as settlement activity.
The Palestinians want the city's eastern sector as capital of their promised state and vehemently oppose any Israeli attempt to expand construction there.