Delek Drilling and its US partner, Noble Energy, signed a deal to sell a total of 64 billion cubic meters of gas over a 10-year period to Egyptian company Dolphinus Holdings.
Yossi Abu, chief executive of Delek Drilling, called the deal "great news" for both countries.
He said he expects most of the gas to be used for Egypt's domestic market, but predicted it could pave the way for wider cooperation and help turn Egypt into an export hub for Israeli gas.
Egypt was the first Arab country to make peace with Israel, in 1979, but past economic agreements have been controversial in Egypt, where support for the Palestinians runs high. There was no immediate comment from Egyptian officials.
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Several routes for shipping the gas are under consideration, with an existing pipeline between Jordan and Egypt a strong contender, Abu said. Israel already delivers gas to Jordan.
The gas deals reflect Israel's shared strategic interests with Jordan and Egypt, both of which are important US allies.
Israel maintains quiet security ties with both countries, particularly Egypt, which is battling an Islamic militant insurgency in its Sinai desert, near the Israeli border.
Israeli Energy Minister Yuval Steinitz called the deal a "very important milestone."
"It is the first time since the signing of the peace agreements with Egypt and Jordan that there are big, significant, serious export deals between Israel and the Arab world," he told Army Radio.
Netanyahu said the deal validated his governments controversial 2016 agreement with the Delek consortium to develop Israel's gas fields.
Critics, including opposition lawmakers, complained it was skewed in favor of the companies. "This is a joyous day," he said.
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