Seventeen foreigners were among those detained, state-run Anadolu news agency said, without giving details of their nationalities.
Police seized several electronic devices and documents during the operation in nine different Istanbul districts, the agency said.
Officers suspected those detained had links to "people in conflict zones", Hurriyet daily reported, but not saying in which countries.
Turkey has been hit by a series of attacks in the last 18 months blamed on IS and Kurdish militants.
The last major IS attack was during New Year's Eve celebrations at an elite Istanbul nightclub where a gunman killed 39 people, most of them foreigners.
The Turkish border with Syria was previously a key transit point for IS recruits and supplies before Turkey tightened security and launched a military operation to clear the jihadists from the frontier last August.