Jadeja got the wickets of David Warner (71) and skipper Michael Clarke for nought while Pragyan Ojha accounted for Phillip Hughes (2), as Australia reached 180 for three at tea on the second day of the match at the Punjab Cricket Association Stadium, where the opening day was washed out due to a heavy downpour.
After his 139-run opening wicket partnership with Warner, Ed Cowan was batting on 76 - his best score against India, while Steven Smith was unbeaten on 19. Cowan hit eight fours in his unbeaten knock that came off 218 balls.
After having Warner caught by Mahendra Singh Dhoni, who ran forward after the ball looped off the batsman's bat-pad, Jadeja bagged the most important wicket of Clarke, who was stumped by Dhoni off the first ball the batsman faced.
The ball turned away sharply on landing, and an over-confident Clarke made the mistake by stepping out straightaway.
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Twelve overs later, Ojha had Hughes caught down the leg-side by Dhoni, ending the out-of-form batsman's yet another miserable stay at the crease.
Warner struck nine fours while facing 147 balls. What was also important was that the opener spent 206 minutes in the middle after a run of poor scores.
It turned out to be good session for Jadeja, who delivered after the specialist bowlers failed to give the hosts a breakthrough.