The left-arm spinning all-rounder took two for 27 in his eleven-over spell, while Ishwar Pandey scalped 1 for 16 in his impressive seven overs to help India restrict Derbyshire after the visitors were handed a tough work-out in the opening session on a placid wicket.
Wes Durston (53*, 60 balls, 7 fours, 1 six) and Billy Godleman (27*, 73 balls, 3 fours) were the unbeaten batsmen at the crease, putting up 71 runs for the fifth wicket after two wickets fell quickly in the session.
It might just confirm his place in the playing eleven for the first Test at Nottingham (starting July 9) as R Ashwin was not even on the field as part of India's initial bowling plans.
Resuming his innings at 39, Ben Slater carried on to reach his half-century off 113 balls, which included eight boundaries.
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He was out shortly afterwards, after the 100-run mark had come up for Derbyshire, caught off Jadeja by skipper MS Dhoni who took over keeping responsibility from Wriddhiman Saha in the first session.
This was after another listless spell by Ishant Sharma (0-41) and Varun Aaron (0-31) with the latter proving more expensive of the two in post-lunch session.
Afterwards, Durston and Godleman resisted the attack and put on a solid partnership, with the former reaching his fifty off 56 balls in the 55th over of the innings.
Stuart Binny (0-15) was the other bowler deployed in this session.