The 26-year-old Jagdish clocked 43.03 minutes to be the 103rd skier to cross the finish line in a line-up of 119 at the Alpensia Cross-Country Skiing Centre.
Jagdish's time was 9:16.4 minutes slower than Switzerlands Dario Cologna, who took his third straight Olympic gold by clocking 33:43.9. Norways Simen Krueger (34:02.2) won the silver, while Denis Spitsov (34:06.9), an Olympic Athlete from Russia, took home the bronze.
The Indian, who trains at the High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS) at Gulmarg, was around 40 seconds slower than the leader at the initial 1.5km mark but the gap widened as the race progressed.
At the halfway stage, Jagdish was 4:28 minutes slower than the leader and the gap kept increasing though he was able to finish a few places above his 116th position start.
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The end of his campaign also ended India's run at the Games. The country was being represented by only two athletes. On February 11, Shiva Keshavan had finished 34th in the men's luge singles event in his sixth and last Winter Olympics.
India have not produced any worthwhile performance in the Winter Olympics with Keshavan's six appearances being the nation's only remarkable achievement.
India took part in the Winter Olympics for the first time in 1964 in Innsbruck, Austria, where Jeremy Bujakowski, an alpine skier of Polish descent, represented the country.
Keshavan then took the mantle of carrying the Indian flag in six Winter Olympics from 1998 in Nagano, Japan to Pyeongchang this time.