"It is wrong to shut all the doors just because a problem occurred. It is wrong to reject summit talks because the other party gets on a nerve, or doesn't accept a demand," Abe said.
The ongoing diplomatic row between Japan and China over a group of East China Sea islands claimed by both has been a flashpoint of contention, with Chinese surveillance and navy vessels increasingly present around the islands.
"China's ongoing behavior is not tolerated by the international society, and we seek to push for a more peaceful approach," he said.
Flanked by eight other party leaders in a debate held at the Japan National Press Club, Abe was the target of many of the questions posed by political rivals and experts querying his economic policies, views on revising the constitution, nuclear power and ties with China and South Korea, as well as his views on Japan's wartime history.
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That would give them control of both chambers of parliament for as long as three years if early elections aren't called, making it easier to pass legislation after years of gridlock from a "twisted parliament," in which the opposition controls the upper house.
Business confidence has bounced back, stock prices have risen sharply and the weaker yen has given exporters relief.
Abe boasted about Japan's 4.1 per cent annual economic growth rate in the first quarter, and pledged to lift the country out of years of deflation.