The premier said Tokyo would host the event in September with International Monetary Fund chief Christine Lagarde and Cherie Blair, wife of former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, set to participate.
The conservative Abe has been pushing to boost the number of working women in Japan to help kickstart growth in the world's number three economy.
The country has one of the lowest rates of female workforce participation in the developed world and most economists agree it badly needs to boost the number of working women to grow its economy as the population rapidly ages.
"Women have the greatest potential, and allowing them to demonstrate their full abilities is the core of our growth strategy," Abe said in the interview with Japan's leading Nikkei business daily during an official visit to Australia.
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"This will be a Davos meeting for women," he said, referring to the World Economic Forum event held annually in the Swiss city.
The planned Tokyo conference would look at ways to link female participation in the workforce with economic growth, the Nikkei story said.